Journal of Management & Social Science

Dynamics of Pakistan’s Housing Market Post-2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Challenges, Reforms, and Prospects

Osama Khan, Dr. Shah Muhammad Kamran — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This paper examines the Pakistan’s housing market environment post the 2007-2008 financial crisis in light of challenges, reforms and prospects. Aims Employing an interpretivist research approach that integrates critical realism as well, the research explores the context and relationship between economic variables, policy measures, market variables, consumer behavior, and social factors. By adopting a coding framework and content analysis using the NVivo software, the study reveals substantial effects of inflation, GDP growth, housing finance policies, and urbanization on market dynamics. The findings show that factors such as urbanization and increasing demand for the products by consumers have led to problems of affordability, while imperatively inefficient policies and fluctuating economic conditions have constrained the efficiency of the market. It thus provides evidence of where the reforms should be most special to improve affordability, implementation and sustainable future urban growth. The paper offers policy implications to relevant policymakers and other market players for the sustainable development of the housing sector.

Keywords: Housing Market, Pakistan, Post-Financial Crisis, Urbanization, Policy Reforms

FROM CLASSROOM TO CAREER: A PROPOSED MODEL FOR INCREASING EMPLOYABILITY THROUGH INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS AND PRACTICAL LEARNING

Dr. Maimoona Saleem, Sajid Ali, Dr. Anjum Ihsan, Dr. Azhar Khan — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In this study, a coherent model is proposed that will utilize Social Learning Theory (SLT) for strengthening graduate employability backed by quantitative research through surveys to test the hypotheses. This study let’s all academic institutions collaborate with industries in order to have a transition from classroom towards career. The study identifies important factors including work-integrated learning (WIL) opportunities, industry advisory board involvement, capstone projects, entrepreneurship programs, and research collaboration. The problem addressed is an existing gap between educational outcomes and evolving market demands, leading to a more concerted alignment of academic programs in tune with industry needs. The main objectives of this study are to clarify how these educational strategies influence essential skills and competencies enhancing employability. Important variables include student involvement in WIL, mentorship by industry practitioners, collaborative learning in capstone projects, participation in entrepreneurship initiatives, and involvement in research collaborations. The study hypothesizes that the more these activities are engaged with, the more positive employability and skills development outcomes for graduates will arise. Using Social Learning Theory as a principal theoretical orientation, the study sets forth a quantitative approach to surveying employability outcomes and hypothesizing results. This seeks to offer empirical evidence for how the principles of SLT can be sustainably adopted into education. Implications from this study then apply to educational institutions, policymakers, and employers to highlight the need for collaborative involvement in adequately preparing graduates for the workforce. By facilitating environments for observational learning, mentorship, and hands-on experience, educational institutions are better able to equip students for the labor market's challenges. Future directions in research will focus on attempting empirical verification of the proposed model concerning the particular contribution of research collaborations to employability. Longitudinal studies will help recognize the permanence of educational strategies on graduates' career successes. This study intends to significantly contribute to the debate on improving graduate employability through uniquely designed educational premises that are well-anchored in Social Learning Theory.

Keywords: Social Learning Theory, graduate employability, work-integrated learning, industry engagement, capstone projects, entrepreneurship programs, research collaborations, skill development.

Building Trust: Investigating the Nexus between Organizational Justice, Commitment, and Citizenship Behavior

Sidra Jabbar, Maryam Gull, Sobia Hassan* — Sat, 11 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The concept of organizational justice has been accepted around the world to examine the perception of justice in the workplace. This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour of telecommunication employees in Pakistan with the mediating role of organizational trust. In Pakistan, employees of telecom companies often change jobs due to the competitive environment. Therefore, increasing the level of employee commitment through a strong and fair environment and level of trust is a very important concern for a firm. A sample of 312 telecom employees from different telecom companies in Pakistan was selected using a convenience sampling technique. A survey questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. AMOS and SPSS were used for the analysis. The results revealed that organizational justice had a significant positive influence on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. Furthermore, the results also revealed that organizational trust positively mediates the connection between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviour. This study addresses the concern that the organization must create an atmosphere of trust to increase commitment between employees and OCB.

Keywords: Organizational Justice, Organizational Trust, Organizational Commitment, Organizational citizenship behaviour

Analyzing The Impact Of The World Oil Price On Inflation And Growth In Pakistan

Hoor Babar, Mukamil Shah — Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research investigates the dynamic relationship between the global oil prices with other macroeconomic factors including GDP growth, inflation rates, exchange rates, and stock market returns in Pakistan. The research analyses the impacts of oil price shocks with quarterly data ranging from 2000Q1 to 2023Q4, and the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model is used. This contribution establishes that an expansion in the price of oil poses a major challenge to GDP growth due to increased cost of production and consequently decreased output. The inflationary pressure further expands because of cost pull factors while fluctuation in the foreign exchange expands the pressure due to high import cost. Variance decomposition also explains the importance of exchange rate volatility for GDP and inflation. The study confirms Pakistan’s position as a net oil importer, a situation that makes consumption prices vulnerable to changes in prices in the international market for economic shocks. Measures under policy recommendations include diversification in energy sources, a strong and stable control of the exchange rates and sound monetary as well as fiscal policies which will help to cushion for the shocks in oil prices and therefore foster development in sustainable economic growth.

Key Words: Macroeconomics, GDP growth, Inflation, Exchange rate, Stock price, Oil price

Exploring the Obstacles to the Implementation of Green HRM Practices for Sustainable Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan

Sat, 01 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Implementing Green Human Resource Practices is essential for fostering sustainability in SMEs. Pakistan has over 5.2 million small and medium-sized enterprises, which account for 30% of total exports and 40% of the national GDP; nonetheless, these SMEs face significant challenges in implementing Green HRM practices. Therefore, adopting Green HR practices is essential for achieving sustainable development objectives. This is qualitative research; the case study method was used to identify barriers to adopting Green HRM practices in SMEs in Pakistan. Twenty-one HR managers working in SMEs were interviewed, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings identified significant themes: a lack of environmental and social consciousness, along with insufficient training and development. Financial constraints, inadequate governmental support. Absence of an enforcement mechanism; resistance rooted in cultural and behavioral factors. Obstacles to infrastructure and technology. There is a lack of innovative leadership, inadequate impetus from suppliers and customers, and a deficiency in evaluation tools. The identified significant themes provide a practical contribution and are advantageous for policymakers, corporate executives, and stakeholders in overcoming the challenges of adopting Green HRM practices for sustainability in SMEs. The paper presents pragmatic solutions to the issues that may be adopted by all stakeholders. This study advances the use of institutional theory as a theoretical contribution.

Key Words: Barriers, Green HRM practices, Pakistan, Sustainability, SMEs, SDGs

Environmental Management Practices and Sustainable Business Performance: The Moderating Role of Institutional Ownership

Muhammad Zain ul Abidin*, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Sheikh Khurram Abid — Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study considers the impact of environmental management practices on sustainable business performance and how the interaction of institutional ownership affects this relationship. The study covers ten years span and the data period ranges from 2013 to 2022. The non-financial firms of the FTSE 100-index listed on London stock exchange (LSE) are considered for this research as UK is the leading economy in adoption of environmental initiative. This research used the literature recommended regression methodologies and techniques to test the hypothesis of this study. The empirical estimation reveals that the environmental management practices (EMPs) play a significant role in sustainable business performance impacting and this relationship is further strengthened by moderating role of Institutional ownership. Results of this study show that environmental management practices are associated with both the financial and non-financial business performance measures. Therefore, the adoption of these activities provides competitive advantage and more stakeholder engagement by addressing the social and environmental concerns along with financial goals. The firms of developed economy of UK are considered in this research to establish the impact of environmental management practices (EMPs) on sustainable business performance. This will extend the business strategy and sustainability literature by establishing the importance of these practices in financial, social and environmental performance that gives a more holistic view regarding the significance of these practices.

Key words: Environmental management practices, sustainable business performance, institutional ownership

Assessment of Corporate Environmental Policies and Practices for Promoting Social Sustainable Development

Naseer Ahmed Khan , Prof. Dr. Hakim Ali Mahesar — Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study investigates the impact of corporate environmental policies and practices on social sustainable development, focusing on the roles of stakeholder pressure, institutional pressure, tendency of legitimization, and resource availability in shaping sustainability outcomes. In this research, a quantitative research design was adopted and the data was gathered from 302 managers through a structured questionnaire from textile organizations in Pakistan. To measure the constructs of stakeholder pressure, institutional pressure, tendency of legitimization, resource availability and social sustainable development, this investigation used a seven-point Likert scale. Structural Equation Modeling via Smart PLS was applied by the investigators to examine the measurement and structural models for their data. Pressure from the stakeholders combined with institutional pressure along with the tendency of legitimization proves their direct positive correlation with social sustainable development based on the studies made. These institutional pressures, legitimization tendencies and concerns with sustainable development were not sensitive to the availability of resources being more or less available. The study provides information on the external pressures together with organizational actions leading to a positive and responsible social change in the form of concrete suggestions for improving the environmental policies and practices of the textile industry.

Keywords: Corporate Environmental Policies, Social Sustainable Development, Stakeholder Pressure, Institutional Pressure, Resource Availability.

Artificial intelligence Integration for Financial Inclusion: a Study in pakistan

Charnam Kumari, Dr. Sohaib-uz-Zaman — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration into financial systems has been given important attention due to its potential to enhance financial inclusion, particularly in developing economies like Pakistan. This research examines the potential of AI integration for financial inclusion through mediating variables. The primary aim of this study is to uncover AI solution benefits that improve financial inclusion when these important factors interact. This quantitative study aims to look into the role of AI integration in Pakistan's financial inclusion. Data was collected from 200 financial services users in Pakistan. Data is analyzed using statistical techniques such as PLS-SEM. PLS-SEM modeling was implied to examine the research framework of the study. The study confirms that AI integration has a positive role in mediating variables. The study has implications, that can be recognized and used by policymakers to shape targeted interventions, and policies, which improve financial access by enhancing user knowledge about financial matters and promoting the acceptance of AI system utilization. Findings enable practitioners to create better financial education programs and inclusive financial service delivery so that people can easily understand and access desired outcomes. This study enhanced the academic knowledge of the utilization of AI technology to promote economic growth in developing economies.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Financial Inclusion, Financial Literacy, User adoption, Finance.

Socio-Economic Determinants Of Crime In Malaysia

Fawad Hussain Paul , Dr. Ahmed Farhan Saeed, Dr. Sanam Wagma Khattak — Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study investigates the socio-economic determinants of crime in Malaysia, focusing on factors such as unemployment, illiteracy, population growth, urbanization, and economic instability. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2020, the research employs multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between crime rates and variables including household consumption, GDP, literacy rates, migration, wage rates, and electricity shortages. The findings reveal that higher household consumption and population growth are associated with increased crime rates, while higher GDP, literacy rates, and wage rates correlate with reduced crime. Migration and electricity shortages also show a marginal but significant positive impact on crime. The study underscores the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities through education, fair wages, and improved urban planning to mitigate crime. Policy recommendations include enhancing educational opportunities, promoting job creation, and regulating migration to reduce criminal activities. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these interventions and the role of mental health and community engagement in crime prevention.

Keywords: Crime, Socio-Economic Factors, Unemployment, Urbanization

Organizational Culture Assessment Of Sarhad University Of Science & IT, Peshawar Using Competing Values Framework

Dr. Lal Muhammad, Dr. Asghar Kamal, Waas Khan — Tue, 21 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Today, organizational culture is viewed as the primary driver of decision making in an organization and a crucial determinant of its efficacy. Due to limited research in the domain of organizational culture assessment in South Asian countries, particularly in Pakistan, this research aimed to assess the current and preferred organizational culture of Sarhad University. The quantitative method approach adopted for collecting of data using OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument), which is based on the CVF (Competing Values Framework). The target population was Faculty members of Sarhad University Peshawar. A sample was drawn from the population (155 participants) composed of academic staff. Results shows that the dominant culture adopted in the currently and in the preferred situation is the hierarchy culture is suggested at Sarhad University. Based on the opinions of academic staff, this study can give leaders, academic staff and administrative authorities understanding the organizational culture of Sarhad University and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a university's organizational culture and enhance the quality by focusing on innovation.

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Clan Culture, Adhocracy Culture, Hierarchy Culture, Market Culture.

Women Entrepreneurs In Pakistan: Navigating Finance, Networks, And Leadership For Business Success

Faryal Begum, Dr. Noheed Khan — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The emergence of female entrepreneurship is crucial for economic growth and social advancement, but the struggle of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan poses pertinent challenges that limit their firm success. However, the role of access to finance, entrepreneurial networking, entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial leadership in women entrepreneurs’ performance has not been studied. Data were collected from 700 women entrepreneurs registered with the Women Chamber of Commerce (WCC) in Pakistan using a qualitative research approach and were analyzed using NVivo software and thematic analysis. As a result, women entrepreneurs often depend on personal savings and informal funds as their principle sources of finance, with banks requiring stringent collateral, and lending practices being perceived as biased. Women entrepreneurs are further hampered by gender bias and social barriers that reduce their business networking, mentorship, and access to funding and markets, thus limiting their capacity to scale their businesses. Also, because so many women lack business skills and innovation ability, they stay small and do not build companies. But the research also shows that women entrepreneurs who network actively, exhibit entrepreneurial leadership and have a strategic market orientation perform better and are more sustainable. Given that, there is an essential "need for targeted programs on capacity building and support for women-specific networking." With funneled financial backing, collaborative merchant programs, and computerized advancement openings further reinforcing entrepreneurial biological systems, women across Pakistan can end up playmakers and genuine contributors to this casualty's monetary recuperation and corporate advancement. Policymakers, financial institutions, and business support organizations seeking to foster an inclusive and sustainable entrepreneurial environment for women will therefore find important insights in the study.

Keywords: Performance of women entrepreneurs, access to finance, women entrepreneurial networking, women entrepreneurial orientation, women entrepreneurial leadership.

Exploring Inhibition: Key Factors Restricting Tourists from Sharing their Travel Experiences

Danish Ali, Dr. Mohammad Alam, Dr. Mohammad Hanif Khan — Thu, 16 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research examines the influence of inhibitor factors (security and privacy reasons, environmental reasons, personal reasons, relationship reasons) on tourist travel experience expressing within the limits of Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. We distributed 100 questionnaires among tourists and 89 survey responses were given back and used for further analysis. We use simple linear regression to get the research outcomes. We proposed that security, privacy, environmental, personal, and Travel experience sharing was directly and negatively impacted by relational issues. Our finding identifies that security, privacy, and Travelers' likelihood to discuss their experiences on social media was impacted by personal concerns, whereas environmental relationships do have not any concerns. This study assists travel-related businesses in lowering or getting rid of obstacles to greater content sharing. The social media initiatives of tourism businesses can benefit from the guidance provided by the findings of this study.

Keywords: Inhibitors, social media (SM), travel-experience sharing, tourist. Travel restrictions

Impact Of Supervisor Bottom Line Mentality On Burnout: Mediating Role Of Emotional Stability And Moderating Role Of Work Life Balance

Ariba Ramzan , Nayyra Zeb — Thu, 27 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study examines the association between bottom-line mentality (BLM) and burnout, emphasizing the moderating effect of work-life balance and the mediating role of emotional stability. Employees with a bottom-line mentality, which is defined by a sole focus on financial or performance goals, are more likely to experience stress and burnout. Since those with poorer emotional stability are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of BLM, this study suggests that emotional stability mediates the relationship between BLM and burnout. Additionally, work-life balance is proposed as a moderator, allowing people to better balance the demands of their personal and professional lives, hence mitigating the association between burnout and BLM. Based on data from a sample of employees in banking sector, the results show that work-life balance moderates the strength of the influence of emotional stability, which strongly mediates the association between BLM and burnout. The findings imply that in order to lessen the detrimental impacts of BLM on worker well-being and burnout, organizations should encourage emotional stability and assist work-life balance activities. This study adds to the expanding body of research on workplace stressors and offers useful advice for boosting workers' mental health and resilience.

Keywords: Bottom-line mentality, burnout, emotional stability, work-life balance

Consumers Spirituality Towards Green Purchase Intention: MediatingRoleofPerceived Consumer Effectiveness and Moderating Role of Religious Commitment

Fozia Malik, Sana Irfan , Sahrish Saba , Laraib Mumtaz , Hira Nasir — Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research investigated the relationship among consumer spirituality, perceivedconsumer effectiveness (PCE), and green purchase intentions through the lens of themoderating effect of religious commitment. A quantitative research designwasemployed and the data was collected in a period of one month from207 general consumers in Pakistan using snowball sampling technique. The analysis was runusingthemediated-moderation Model 14 as suggested by Hayes (2008) to test the hypothesizedrelationships. The findings of the study shows that consumer spirituality has a positiveand significant effect on green purchasing intentions which is mediated by PCE. Then, religious commitment enhances the effect of PCE on GPI through sustainable consumerbehaviour. Moreover, theoretical discussions were initiated around the TripleBottomLine (TBL) theory, which requires the assurance of equilibrium in economic, social andenvironmental dimensions for the sake of sustainability. Based on the findings, thestudyprovides implications for marketers, policymakers, and educationalists to encouragegreen consumption using spiritual and religious values.

Keywords: Consumer Spirituality, Green Purchasing Intention, Perceived ConsumerEffectiveness, Religious Commitment, Triple Bottom Line Theory, Sustainability, Consumer Behaviour, Environmental Stewardship, Pakistan

Exploring Supply Chain Integration And Capabilities: A Pathway To Better Operational Performance In Smes

Dr. Ali Raza Rang , Uzair Inayat Memon , Dr. Riaz Hussain Shah — Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The competitive market now requires companies to operate as interconnected network members across extensive supply systems. This study investigates the impact of supply chain integration (supplier, internal, and customer) on operational performance, with supply chain capabilities serving as a mediating factor. The research investigates business production operations located in both Hyderabad and Kotri industrial zones of Sindh Pakistan. A total of 123 employees who work in SMEs participated in the research using stratified random sampling techniques. The researchers utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling as their analysis method. Supply chain integration proves to produce substantial positive impacts on operational performance based on research findings. Supply chain capabilities serve as important mediators because they enhance this relationship by demonstrating their critical role in achieving better performance results. Operation efficiency in the Small and Medium Enterprise sector can be increased through more integrated supply chain management combined with supply chain capability exploitation.

Keywords: Supply chain Integration, Capabilities, Operational Performance, SMEs, Sindh, Pakistan

Influence Of Human Resource Management Practices On Employee Performance; By Mediating Effect Of Employee Commitment Of Educational Institutions

Muhammad Jaffar , Dr. Najia Shaikh , Dr. Hakim Ali Mahesar — Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The main aim of this paper is to examine the influence of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Performance with the mediating role of employee commitment in public and private educational sector in Sindh. Further, it focuses on selected human resource management practices (training & development, reward & compensation, performance appraisal and job promotion) and their relationship with employee performance, direct and indirect by mediating effect of employee commitment, whether they impact positively or negatively on employee performance. Detailed literature review shows that Human Resource Management Practices the Employee Performance and the commitment of employees as well within organization. Human Resource Management Practices are compulsory part of the organization on which organization’s success or failure depends. Those organizations, which have installed and implemented proper human resource management practices and created effectiveness in the policies and practices within organization, would have considered high fertility gained. This study examines the direct impact of human resource management practices and indirect effect through mediating role of employee commitment on employee performance in the context of educational sector of Sindh, Pakistan. Through survey questionnaire, the data were gathered from 280 teaching staff who works at educational institutions in Sindh, Pakistan. SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS4 SEM were used for analysis and findings. At the end, the managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future studies are incorporated in detail.

Keywords: Human Resource Management Practices, Employee Performance, Employee Commitment.

Impact of Product Pricing, Packaging Information, and Brand Trust on Consumer Purchase Intention and Loyalty

Muhammad Raahim Akram, Dr. Sohaib uz Zaman , Syed Hasnain Alam, Noman Tariq — Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research investigates the influence of product price, package information, and brand trust on customer purchase intentions and loyalty in Pakistan's Fast-Moving Customer Goods (FMCG) market, emphasizing both imported and domestic items. The study incorporates various theoretical frameworks, such as the Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), to examine the direct, mediating, and moderating relationships among essential consumer behavior constructs. A quantitative research methodology was used, using a cross-sectional survey of 300 customers across Pakistan. Data were investigated using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and SPSS, guaranteeing rigorous statistical validation. The results demonstrate that price substantially affects purchasing choices, with perceived affordability being essential to customer happiness. Packaging information bolsters customer confidence, especially when it has halal certifications, environmentally sustainable labeling, and clear ingredient disclosures. Furthermore, brand trust functions as an intermediary between product features and customer loyalty, indicating that consumers emphasize dependability and authenticity in their purchasing choices. The research delineates significant disparities in consumer preferences for local vs imported FMCG products, indicating that price-sensitive customers are inclined towards local brands, whilst premium-seeking individuals preferred imported items. These data provide actionable consequences for FMCG enterprises, legislators, and marketers seeking to improve pricing strategies, branding methodologies, and consumer engagement. Future study should investigate the influence of digital marketing and e-commerce adoption on consumer purchasing behavior in developing economies.
Keywords: Product Pricing, Packaging Information, Brand Trust, Consumer Purchase Intention, Consumer Loyalty, Fast-Moving

Development of Financial Inclusion Index and its Impact on the Banks’ Financial Stability in Pakistan

Sadia Irum , Dr. Muhammad Abbas — Thu, 30 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study examines the impact of financial inclusion on the stability of banks in Pakistan, focusing on two categories: conventional banks and Islamic banks. A sample of 12 banks, six from each category, was analyzed using annual reports from 2012 to 2022. A Financial Inclusion Index was developed using parameters such as access to and usage of financial services for banks. Bank stability was measured using the Z-score based on asset returns, leverage, and return volatility. The study employed panel regression models, including Panel Ordinary Least Square and Feasible Generalized Least Squares, to address heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation issues. Diagnostic tests, including the Wald and Wooldridge tests, confirmed the presence of these issues, validating the choice of Feasible Generalized Least Squares. Control variables such as bank size, loan ratio, loan loss provisions, income diversification, management quality, capitalization, gross domestic product, and gross domestic product per capita were included in the models. Results indicate that financial inclusion positively impacts the stability of conventional and Islamic banks, driven by broader customer bases, increased deposits, and diversified revenue streams. Bank-specific variables like size, capitalization, and loan ratios significantly enhanced stability, while loan loss provisions had a destabilizing effect. Macroeconomic indicators yielded mixed results, highlighting the need for economic stability in fostering banking sector resilience. The study suggests policy interventions aimed at enhancing financial inclusion while balancing operational efficiency and risk management. It calls for expanded Shariah-compliant services for Islamic banks. Future research should explore longer timeframes, broader geographic contexts, and digital financial inclusion's evolving role.

Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Conventional Banks, Islamic Banks, Bank Stability.

Leadership support, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy as determinants of job satisfaction: a structural equation modeling (sem) study in punjab’s public sector

Mr. Mubasher Munir, Dr. Ayaz Ahmed Chachar , Dr. HamadullahKakepoto — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study investigates the impact of leadership support, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy on job satisfaction, with a focus on the mediating role of job performance, within the public sector school education department of Punjab, Pakistan. Public sector organizations in Punjab face numerous challenges, including inadequate resources, high student-teacher ratios, bureaucratic constraints, and poor working conditions, which significantly impact employee satisfaction and performance. With quantitative research method, data was gathered from 502 employees through questionnaire developed and completed by the respondents themselves. Structural Equaltion Modeling (SEM) analyses has been performed via Smart PLS. Based on the findings, the outcomes reveal that leadership processes, emotional skills, and self-attitude do not only enhance satisfaction personally but also enhance performance at work which reflects and increases satisfaction. Implications of this research for theory are, firstly, confirmation of existing theoretical constructs in the context of the public sector in Punjab, Pakistan and, secondly, identification of job performance as a key mediating construct. Consequently, the study identifies novel research insights that concern leader support, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, job performance, and job satisfaction within the under-researched setting of Punjab’s public sector.

Keywords: Leadership Support, Emotional Intelligence, Job satisfaction, self-efficacy, Job performance, Public sector organizations , Punjab Pakistan.

The Impact of Social Media Advertisement and Electronic word of mouth on Consumer Buying Behavior in Pakistani Restaurants.

Syed Burhan Ali Kazmi , Muhammad Mudassir , Wajdan Ahmed Khan — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study examines the influence of social media advertising (SMA), electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM), online ordering systems (OOS), and information accessibility (IA) on consumer buying behavior (CBB) in Pakistan’s restaurant sector. It addresses a critical gap in social media research by analyzing restaurant choice behavior within Pakistan’s unique cultural and technological landscape. A quantitative approach is employed, collecting data from 378 respondents in Rawalpindi and Islamabad—cities known for their diverse restaurant culture. Findings reveal that social media advertising significantly shapes consumer preferences through targeted promotions and visually appealing content. Likewise, EWOM, particularly online reviews and peer recommendations, strongly impacts purchasing decisions. Additionally, improved information accessibility via social media and the convenience of online ordering further drives customer engagement and transactions. This study integrates Social Exchange Theory, Resource-Based View, and Natural Resource-Based View to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding the social media-consumer behavior relationship. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, restaurant owners, and marketers, emphasizing the need for businesses to leverage social media’s impact on consumer choices to enhance marketing strategies, strengthen digital presence, and foster brand loyalty in Pakistan’s evolving restaurant industry.

Keywords: Social Media Advertisement (SMA), Consumer Purchasing Behavior (CPB), Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (E-WOM), Online Ordering Systems (OOS), Higher Accessibility-Of-Information (IA).

Nepotism and Favoritism in HR Practices: Implications for Organizational Politics in Pakistan

Syed Muhammad Abbas Shah, Mohsin Raza Qamar, Sharjeel Ahmed, Muhammad Imran — Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Inside the organization nepotism and favoritism are some of the common problems embedded in the HR practices of developing nations such as Pakistan. These issues influence politics of the organization, employee behavior, morale, and organizational productivity as a whole. Present research paper discusses and applies the phenomenon of nepotism and favoritism in HR scenarios in Pakistan and their implications in the organizational politics. The research aims to find out about the extent of the practices above, how they affect organizational environment, behavior, and mitigation strategies for their detriments. The research is determined by three aims and three overarching questions that shall be answered using literature review. Research findings shows that nepotism and favoritism are deep-rooted in the Pakistani organizational culture, leading to its negative aspects, including low employee satisfaction, turnover, and a toxic work-culture environment in all firms. The study's findings provide insights for HR practitioners and organizational leaders to achieve an unbiased and more meritocratic work culture in the organization.

Keywords: Nepotism, Favoritism, Human Resource Practices, Organizational Politics

The Role of Ethical Leadership in HRM-driven Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Dr. Zohaib Azhar, Tayyaba Iqbal, Muhammad Imran — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study looks into how ethical leadership impacts CSR in managing people with regard to employee care, diversity, and environmental considerations across various countries and cultures. Because businesses want to become more socially responsible, ethical leaders are called to guide CSR activities in human resource management. Using a case study approach to gather data based on interviews with HR leaders, CSR managers, and employees of multinational companies. It also reads CSR reports to know how ethical leadership is going to frame the CSR strategy. Ethical leadership makes the HRM practice CSR in fair, transparent, and accountable ways. It assists to bring CSR practices into conformity with company values so that global standards are met. Findings of the study showed that, without ethical leadership, CSR practices can never achieve success at anyplace globally.

Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Human Resource Management (HRM), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Organizational Ethics, Leadership Development