Journal of Management & Social Science

Influence Of Human Resource Management Practices On Employee Performance; By Mediating Effect Of Employee Commitment Of Educational Institutions

2025-01-31T19:28:37+02:00

The main aim of this paper is to examine the influence of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Performance with the mediating role of employee commitment in public and private educational sector in Sindh. Further, it focuses on selected human resource management practices (training & development, reward & compensation, performance appraisal and job promotion) and their relationship with employee performance, direct and indirect by mediating effect of employee commitment, whether they impact positively or negatively on employee performance. Detailed literature review shows that Human Resource Management Practices the Employee Performance and the commitment of employees as well within organization. Human Resource Management Practices are compulsory part of the organization on which organization’s success or failure depends. Those organizations, which have installed and implemented proper human resource management practices and created effectiveness in the policies and practices within organization, would have considered high fertility gained. This study examines the direct impact of human resource management practices and indirect effect through mediating role of employee commitment on employee performance in the context of educational sector of Sindh, Pakistan. Through survey questionnaire, the data were gathered from 280 teaching staff who works at educational institutions in Sindh, Pakistan. SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS4 SEM were used for analysis and findings. At the end, the managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future studies are incorporated in detail.

Keywords: Human Resource Management Practices, Employee Performance, Employee Commitment.

Development of Financial Inclusion Index and its Impact on the Banks’ Financial Stability in Pakistan

2025-01-30T18:05:49+02:00

This study examines the impact of financial inclusion on the stability of banks in Pakistan, focusing on two categories: conventional banks and Islamic banks. A sample of 12 banks, six from each category, was analyzed using annual reports from 2012 to 2022. A Financial Inclusion Index was developed using parameters such as access to and usage of financial services for banks. Bank stability was measured using the Z-score based on asset returns, leverage, and return volatility. The study employed panel regression models, including Panel Ordinary Least Square and Feasible Generalized Least Squares, to address heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation issues. Diagnostic tests, including the Wald and Wooldridge tests, confirmed the presence of these issues, validating the choice of Feasible Generalized Least Squares. Control variables such as bank size, loan ratio, loan loss provisions, income diversification, management quality, capitalization, gross domestic product, and gross domestic product per capita were included in the models. Results indicate that financial inclusion positively impacts the stability of conventional and Islamic banks, driven by broader customer bases, increased deposits, and diversified revenue streams. Bank-specific variables like size, capitalization, and loan ratios significantly enhanced stability, while loan loss provisions had a destabilizing effect. Macroeconomic indicators yielded mixed results, highlighting the need for economic stability in fostering banking sector resilience. The study suggests policy interventions aimed at enhancing financial inclusion while balancing operational efficiency and risk management. It calls for expanded Shariah-compliant services for Islamic banks. Future research should explore longer timeframes, broader geographic contexts, and digital financial inclusion's evolving role.

Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Conventional Banks, Islamic Banks, Bank Stability.

The Impact of Social Media Advertisement and Electronic word of mouth on Consumer Buying Behavior in Pakistani Restaurants.

2025-02-18T19:11:25+02:00

This study examines the influence of social media advertising (SMA), electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM), online ordering systems (OOS), and information accessibility (IA) on consumer buying behavior (CBB) in Pakistan’s restaurant sector. It addresses a critical gap in social media research by analyzing restaurant choice behavior within Pakistan’s unique cultural and technological landscape. A quantitative approach is employed, collecting data from 378 respondents in Rawalpindi and Islamabad—cities known for their diverse restaurant culture. Findings reveal that social media advertising significantly shapes consumer preferences through targeted promotions and visually appealing content. Likewise, EWOM, particularly online reviews and peer recommendations, strongly impacts purchasing decisions. Additionally, improved information accessibility via social media and the convenience of online ordering further drives customer engagement and transactions. This study integrates Social Exchange Theory, Resource-Based View, and Natural Resource-Based View to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding the social media-consumer behavior relationship. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, restaurant owners, and marketers, emphasizing the need for businesses to leverage social media’s impact on consumer choices to enhance marketing strategies, strengthen digital presence, and foster brand loyalty in Pakistan’s evolving restaurant industry.

Keywords: Social Media Advertisement (SMA), Consumer Purchasing Behavior (CPB), Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (E-WOM), Online Ordering Systems (OOS), Higher Accessibility-Of-Information (IA).

Dynamics of Pakistan’s Housing Market Post-2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Challenges, Reforms, and Prospects

2025-01-19T09:04:10+02:00

This paper examines the Pakistan’s housing market environment post the 2007-2008 financial crisis in light of challenges, reforms and prospects. Aims Employing an interpretivist research approach that integrates critical realism as well, the research explores the context and relationship between economic variables, policy measures, market variables, consumer behavior, and social factors. By adopting a coding framework and content analysis using the NVivo software, the study reveals substantial effects of inflation, GDP growth, housing finance policies, and urbanization on market dynamics. The findings show that factors such as urbanization and increasing demand for the products by consumers have led to problems of affordability, while imperatively inefficient policies and fluctuating economic conditions have constrained the efficiency of the market. It thus provides evidence of where the reforms should be most special to improve affordability, implementation and sustainable future urban growth. The paper offers policy implications to relevant policymakers and other market players for the sustainable development of the housing sector.

Keywords: Housing Market, Pakistan, Post-Financial Crisis, Urbanization, Policy Reforms

Building Trust: Investigating the Nexus between Organizational Justice, Commitment, and Citizenship Behavior

2025-01-11T17:53:05+02:00

The concept of organizational justice has been accepted around the world to examine the perception of justice in the workplace. This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour of telecommunication employees in Pakistan with the mediating role of organizational trust. In Pakistan, employees of telecom companies often change jobs due to the competitive environment. Therefore, increasing the level of employee commitment through a strong and fair environment and level of trust is a very important concern for a firm. A sample of 312 telecom employees from different telecom companies in Pakistan was selected using a convenience sampling technique. A survey questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. AMOS and SPSS were used for the analysis. The results revealed that organizational justice had a significant positive influence on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. Furthermore, the results also revealed that organizational trust positively mediates the connection between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviour. This study addresses the concern that the organization must create an atmosphere of trust to increase commitment between employees and OCB.

Keywords: Organizational Justice, Organizational Trust, Organizational Commitment, Organizational citizenship behaviour

Exploring the Obstacles to the Implementation of Green HRM Practices for Sustainable Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan

2024-11-28T11:56:53+02:00

Implementing Green Human Resource Practices is essential for fostering sustainability in SMEs. Pakistan has over 5.2 million small and medium-sized enterprises, which account for 30% of total exports and 40% of the national GDP; nonetheless, these SMEs face significant challenges in implementing Green HRM practices. Therefore, adopting Green HR practices is essential for achieving sustainable development objectives. This is qualitative research; the case study method was used to identify barriers to adopting Green HRM practices in SMEs in Pakistan. Twenty-one HR managers working in SMEs were interviewed, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings identified significant themes: a lack of environmental and social consciousness, along with insufficient training and development. Financial constraints, inadequate governmental support. Absence of an enforcement mechanism; resistance rooted in cultural and behavioral factors. Obstacles to infrastructure and technology. There is a lack of innovative leadership, inadequate impetus from suppliers and customers, and a deficiency in evaluation tools. The identified significant themes provide a practical contribution and are advantageous for policymakers, corporate executives, and stakeholders in overcoming the challenges of adopting Green HRM practices for sustainability in SMEs. The paper presents pragmatic solutions to the issues that may be adopted by all stakeholders. This study advances the use of institutional theory as a theoretical contribution.

Key Words: Barriers, Green HRM practices, Pakistan, Sustainability, SMEs, SDGs

Assessment of Corporate Environmental Policies and Practices for Promoting Social Sustainable Development

2025-01-31T19:34:09+02:00

This study investigates the impact of corporate environmental policies and practices on social sustainable development, focusing on the roles of stakeholder pressure, institutional pressure, tendency of legitimization, and resource availability in shaping sustainability outcomes. In this research, a quantitative research design was adopted and the data was gathered from 302 managers through a structured questionnaire from textile organizations in Pakistan. To measure the constructs of stakeholder pressure, institutional pressure, tendency of legitimization, resource availability and social sustainable development, this investigation used a seven-point Likert scale. Structural Equation Modeling via Smart PLS was applied by the investigators to examine the measurement and structural models for their data. Pressure from the stakeholders combined with institutional pressure along with the tendency of legitimization proves their direct positive correlation with social sustainable development based on the studies made. These institutional pressures, legitimization tendencies and concerns with sustainable development were not sensitive to the availability of resources being more or less available. The study provides information on the external pressures together with organizational actions leading to a positive and responsible social change in the form of concrete suggestions for improving the environmental policies and practices of the textile industry.

Keywords: Corporate Environmental Policies, Social Sustainable Development, Stakeholder Pressure, Institutional Pressure, Resource Availability.

Socio-Economic Determinants Of Crime In Malaysia

2025-02-21T08:59:14+02:00

This study investigates the socio-economic determinants of crime in Malaysia, focusing on factors such as unemployment, illiteracy, population growth, urbanization, and economic instability. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2020, the research employs multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between crime rates and variables including household consumption, GDP, literacy rates, migration, wage rates, and electricity shortages. The findings reveal that higher household consumption and population growth are associated with increased crime rates, while higher GDP, literacy rates, and wage rates correlate with reduced crime. Migration and electricity shortages also show a marginal but significant positive impact on crime. The study underscores the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities through education, fair wages, and improved urban planning to mitigate crime. Policy recommendations include enhancing educational opportunities, promoting job creation, and regulating migration to reduce criminal activities. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these interventions and the role of mental health and community engagement in crime prevention.

Keywords: Crime, Socio-Economic Factors, Unemployment, Urbanization

Organizational Culture Assessment Of Sarhad University Of Science & IT, Peshawar Using Competing Values Framework

2025-01-21T07:26:23+02:00

Today, organizational culture is viewed as the primary driver of decision making in an organization and a crucial determinant of its efficacy. Due to limited research in the domain of organizational culture assessment in South Asian countries, particularly in Pakistan, this research aimed to assess the current and preferred organizational culture of Sarhad University. The quantitative method approach adopted for collecting of data using OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument), which is based on the CVF (Competing Values Framework). The target population was Faculty members of Sarhad University Peshawar. A sample was drawn from the population (155 participants) composed of academic staff. Results shows that the dominant culture adopted in the currently and in the preferred situation is the hierarchy culture is suggested at Sarhad University. Based on the opinions of academic staff, this study can give leaders, academic staff and administrative authorities understanding the organizational culture of Sarhad University and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a university's organizational culture and enhance the quality by focusing on innovation.

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Clan Culture, Adhocracy Culture, Hierarchy Culture, Market Culture.

Exploring Inhibition: Key Factors Restricting Tourists from Sharing their Travel Experiences

2025-01-16T06:05:33+02:00

This research examines the influence of inhibitor factors (security and privacy reasons, environmental reasons, personal reasons, relationship reasons) on tourist travel experience expressing within the limits of Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. We distributed 100 questionnaires among tourists and 89 survey responses were given back and used for further analysis. We use simple linear regression to get the research outcomes. We proposed that security, privacy, environmental, personal, and Travel experience sharing was directly and negatively impacted by relational issues. Our finding identifies that security, privacy, and Travelers' likelihood to discuss their experiences on social media was impacted by personal concerns, whereas environmental relationships do have not any concerns. This study assists travel-related businesses in lowering or getting rid of obstacles to greater content sharing. The social media initiatives of tourism businesses can benefit from the guidance provided by the findings of this study.

Keywords: Inhibitors, social media (SM), travel-experience sharing, tourist. Travel restrictions

Consumers Spirituality Towards Green Purchase Intention: MediatingRoleofPerceived Consumer Effectiveness and Moderating Role of Religious Commitment

2025-02-06T12:25:29+02:00

This research investigated the relationship among consumer spirituality, perceivedconsumer effectiveness (PCE), and green purchase intentions through the lens of themoderating effect of religious commitment. A quantitative research designwasemployed and the data was collected in a period of one month from207 general consumers in Pakistan using snowball sampling technique. The analysis was runusingthemediated-moderation Model 14 as suggested by Hayes (2008) to test the hypothesizedrelationships. The findings of the study shows that consumer spirituality has a positiveand significant effect on green purchasing intentions which is mediated by PCE. Then, religious commitment enhances the effect of PCE on GPI through sustainable consumerbehaviour. Moreover, theoretical discussions were initiated around the TripleBottomLine (TBL) theory, which requires the assurance of equilibrium in economic, social andenvironmental dimensions for the sake of sustainability. Based on the findings, thestudyprovides implications for marketers, policymakers, and educationalists to encouragegreen consumption using spiritual and religious values.

Keywords: Consumer Spirituality, Green Purchasing Intention, Perceived ConsumerEffectiveness, Religious Commitment, Triple Bottom Line Theory, Sustainability, Consumer Behaviour, Environmental Stewardship, Pakistan

Nepotism and Favoritism in HR Practices: Implications for Organizational Politics in Pakistan

2025-02-17T15:33:30+02:00

Inside the organization nepotism and favoritism are some of the common problems embedded in the HR practices of developing nations such as Pakistan. These issues influence politics of the organization, employee behavior, morale, and organizational productivity as a whole. Present research paper discusses and applies the phenomenon of nepotism and favoritism in HR scenarios in Pakistan and their implications in the organizational politics. The research aims to find out about the extent of the practices above, how they affect organizational environment, behavior, and mitigation strategies for their detriments. The research is determined by three aims and three overarching questions that shall be answered using literature review. Research findings shows that nepotism and favoritism are deep-rooted in the Pakistani organizational culture, leading to its negative aspects, including low employee satisfaction, turnover, and a toxic work-culture environment in all firms. The study's findings provide insights for HR practitioners and organizational leaders to achieve an unbiased and more meritocratic work culture in the organization.

Keywords: Nepotism, Favoritism, Human Resource Practices, Organizational Politics

The Role of Ethical Leadership in HRM-driven Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

2025-02-17T15:38:01+02:00

This study looks into how ethical leadership impacts CSR in managing people with regard to employee care, diversity, and environmental considerations across various countries and cultures. Because businesses want to become more socially responsible, ethical leaders are called to guide CSR activities in human resource management. Using a case study approach to gather data based on interviews with HR leaders, CSR managers, and employees of multinational companies. It also reads CSR reports to know how ethical leadership is going to frame the CSR strategy. Ethical leadership makes the HRM practice CSR in fair, transparent, and accountable ways. It assists to bring CSR practices into conformity with company values so that global standards are met. Findings of the study showed that, without ethical leadership, CSR practices can never achieve success at anyplace globally.

Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Human Resource Management (HRM), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Organizational Ethics, Leadership Development