Exploring the Obstacles to the Implementation of Green HRM Practices for Sustainable Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan

Abstract

Implementing Green Human Resource Practices is essential for fostering sustainability in SMEs. Pakistan has over 5.2 million small and medium-sized enterprises, which account for 30% of total exports and 40% of the national GDP; nonetheless, these SMEs face significant challenges in implementing Green HRM practices. Therefore, adopting Green HR practices is essential for achieving sustainable development objectives. This is qualitative research; the case study method was used to identify barriers to adopting Green HRM practices in SMEs in Pakistan. Twenty-one HR managers working in SMEs were interviewed, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings identified significant themes: a lack of environmental and social consciousness, along with insufficient training and development. Financial constraints, inadequate governmental support. Absence of an enforcement mechanism; resistance rooted in cultural and behavioral factors. Obstacles to infrastructure and technology. There is a lack of innovative leadership, inadequate impetus from suppliers and customers, and a deficiency in evaluation tools. The identified significant themes provide a practical contribution and are advantageous for policymakers, corporate executives, and stakeholders in overcoming the challenges of adopting Green HRM practices for sustainability in SMEs. The paper presents pragmatic solutions to the issues that may be adopted by all stakeholders. This study advances the use of institutional theory as a theoretical contribution.

Key Words: Barriers, Green HRM practices, Pakistan, Sustainability, SMEs, SDGs