Socio-Economic Determinants Of Crime In Malaysia

Abstract

This study investigates the socio-economic determinants of crime in Malaysia, focusing on factors such as unemployment, illiteracy, population growth, urbanization, and economic instability. Utilizing annual data from 1990 to 2020, the research employs multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between crime rates and variables including household consumption, GDP, literacy rates, migration, wage rates, and electricity shortages. The findings reveal that higher household consumption and population growth are associated with increased crime rates, while higher GDP, literacy rates, and wage rates correlate with reduced crime. Migration and electricity shortages also show a marginal but significant positive impact on crime. The study underscores the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities through education, fair wages, and improved urban planning to mitigate crime. Policy recommendations include enhancing educational opportunities, promoting job creation, and regulating migration to reduce criminal activities. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these interventions and the role of mental health and community engagement in crime prevention.

Keywords: Crime, Socio-Economic Factors, Unemployment, Urbanization